Steve Wiest's Trombone Zone

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(Real Player File)

Jay Friedman CD:

"The Singing Trombone"

 

Jay Friedman (Principle trombone with the Chicago Symphony since 1964...he joined the group in 1962!) has  a wonderful CD out that I want you all to put on your Christmas list (BUY IT NOW!) It has some wonderful orchestral excerpts on it and a stunning array of Rochut performances that you will find quite handy in learning the best sound possible for trombone!  Just listen to the CD and you will understand what  lip slurs and legato style are all about.  The following are the liner notes from the CD (transcribed by ace-typist Katie Plovanich!),  Check them out, they amount to a lesson with the master!  I have had the honor of studying with him and can tell you that this is the real-deal.

S. Wiest

Liner Notes by Jay Freidman   

Mr. Freidman's Website

This CD is intended for trombone players and lovers of the trombone, by a trombone player. Therefore these notes will be different than the usual liner notes. The inspiration for this album (and also the fact that there is no accompaniment) is the many students over the years who have asked me, “What is it supposed to sound like in the practice room?” Of course, I’m not inclined to claim that this is the way, but a way. The student should take away from this album the things they like and leave the things they don’t. In other words, make a decision. I have encountered many people who have never made a decision about what they wanted to sound like and were content to accept just about anything that became habit in their playing,

The title of this album is no accident. One of the great things the trombone is capable of is singing, which is something I have tried to do my entire career. One of the most important aspects of singing is the concept of legato, which goes back to the Bell-canto school of singing that was at its zenith when the Bordogni etudes were written. In addition to Bell-canto, the great ballad players (jazz and commercial) have been a tremendous influence in my concept of legato. Starting in the ‘30s and ‘40s with the big bands all the way to the present, the great ballad players have been a model of what singing should be on the trombone. Another important influence was the tradition of an almost toungueless legato approach in Europe (especially eastern Europe) which I have heard and read about for decades. Unfortunately the symphonic world has not modeled itself on this great tradition, generally preferring hard, “correct” legato. I’m also very particular about not mixing slurred and articulated notes for the sake of evenness, which is something like playing everything mezzo-forte. If you change an articulation it should be for a musical reason.

I have purposely put the more musical selections first on this CD because I have always thought of myself as a soloist even though I have spent most of my career in the orchestra. The three non-trombone excerpts represent the idea of playing great music even if written for different instruments, and are the types of things I prefer to practice. However, even after playing for almost 50 years, I still cannot over-emphasize the importance of fundamentals. One of the most important fundamentals is the concept of active air, passive body. A column of air produces maximum resonance when the muscles around it are completely at rest. This includes the slide arm as well. I like to think of the air blowing the slide from position to position, rather than flicking the slide and the air not being able to keep up, resulting in a blank for which the tongue must make the note, thus spoiling the legato. A great legato means sound between notes and the concept of thinking of phrasing in which several notes are treated like a gorge over which a suspension bridge must be built with the air. The notes and in between the notes should be treated with equal importance.

Imagine a rubber band attached from the stationary brace on the slide to the moving outer slide brace. The rubber band represents the air stream. The idea is when the slide moves, the air is pulled along with it so that both the slide and the air reach any position at the same time. An exercise to develop a good legato is to glissando across partials which require a shift of 3 or more positions, say from F in the staff to middle C. Glissando from F down to Eb and then slur from Eb to middle C. Then eliminate the glissando but keep the legato and blow through the shift. You will not only achieve a good legato but the sound will start adding resonance and overtones that have never occurred before.

The same thing can be done from the opposite direction, for instance from G, top space in the staff to G one octave higher. Glissando from G to A (whole step) and then slur up to G octave. Once again eliminate the glissando but keep the feeling of blowing through the slur that the glissando produced. It is important to remember that that slide cannot be moved at the same speed over different distances to produce the same legato. Half steps should be smoothed out accordingly to match a shift of several positions and vice-versa. It is also helpful to practice bending partials in the same position because they tend to pop out faster and cannot be sustained in between notes as much as a legato slur unless practiced. Don’t be satisfied with what the horn gives you, make the horn give you what you brain decides you want. Virtually any type of slur is possible on the trombone, so why not go for a great one instead of what everyone else does. The same applies to sound and just about every other aspect of playing. The trombone is capable of the most beautiful legato in the instrument world, so let’s stop apologizing for that and guide our younger generation of players toward this realization, something the great composers understood long ago. Every time I play a legato passage I think to myself,  “Can I use less tongue?” Using less tongue in legato means putting more resonance into a particular dynamic and resonance is the name of the game.

Vibrato is an integral part of singing. It is important that vibrato be studied and practiced as much as any other facet of playing. The more it is studied the more controllable it is and the more flexible its application to the phrase. Vibrato should never be predictable or constant but should serve to project the shape of a phrase. The player should be able to vary the speed and width of the vibrato and never fall into the fast-narrow, slow-wide habit, which only limits the range of available expression. Practicing the vibrato away from music is very helpful in gaining control of a misunderstood aspect of singing on the trombone.

Many people have asked me over the years how to develop a reliable high register. My answer is simple: take melodies and transpose them even higher. Several vocalizes on this recording have been transposed to a higher tessitura.

I hope this recording will inspire students of the trombone to strive for ever more beauty of sound, smoothness of line, clarity of articulation and realization that the trombone is the closest of all instruments to the human voice. Remember, don’t try to sound like a great trombone player, try to sound like a great musician.

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