I. LIBERTARIANISM (economic conservatism):
    a. originated in 1950's
       1. end of WWII, Cold War era
       2. reaction to communism (collectivism vs. individualism)
   b. more strength in 1980 w/ Reagan's election
      1. govt doesn't solve problems, govt IS the problem
 
  c. primary problem in the U.S.- growth of the welfare state & expansion of government
      1. the larger govt, the more negative liberty lost by individuals
        ( zero-sum relationship)
 
  2. natural tendency of govt. & bureaucracies is to grow and expand
       a. must be constantly watched and pruned back
       b. organic view of govt. (from hist. Conservatism)
 
  3. contrast w/ w. s. liberalism
       a .w.s.liberals.-- govt is servant of the ppl
       b. Libertarians: govt is like Frankenstein
         1. started as servant, grew out of control
         2.oppressive to citizens
     c. surveillance technology (Rosen article)
         1. will it be abused? used for other reasons than terrorism?

  4. govt. uses coercion (laws and police) to enforce laws
      a. no individual initiative or responsibility
      b. self-reliance, ability to use "good judgment" diminished
      c. govt. must be rolled back, to develop individual initiative

  5. free market is best natural system for determining outcomes
      a. market allows for more creativity and uniqueness
      b. govt inefficient because interferes w/ market mechanisms
        1. laws apply to all situations and people
        2. don't allow for differing situations, contexts
        3. often have “unintended consequences”

6. human nature: humans have potential for reason, but are often imperfect
    a. historical conservative element (Burke)
    b. expansion of negative liberty,  best hope for developing good judgment
    c. ppl will act in own self-interest
      1. market will allocate results
      2. those who make wise decisions, rewarded
      3. poor decisions will be punished
        a. best hope for developing personal judgment
        b. many will continue to make bad decisions
  d. most important to reward the "excellent individual" who makes good choices
 
7. Govt should not take over Community  functions
    a. destroys market incentives
    b. too much govt control over lives
    c. no moral benefits unless freely chosen
      1. obligations are freely chosen, not imposed by government
      2. narrower view of community

d. "marketplace of ideas" not censorship
    1. ideas will sort themselves out
    2. good ideas rise to top, bad will self-destruct
    3. censorship is lessening of individual freedom

E. the focus is on excellent individual (entrepreneur)
    1. one who makes good choices and excels
      a. human beings are fallible and unequal
      b. best system allows the excellent to rise to top

 
  2. worst injustice-hamper this person because of others' failures
       a. schools have become mediocre
       b. "dumb down" classes in order to teach low achievers
       c. better to challenge high achievers
       d. bring up the level of learning for everyone

  3. entrepreneur (excellent individual) should be unregulated
     a. creativity ensures the most innovative products
     b. not bogged down w/ bureaucracy or taxes
     c. Olympic Ideal

F.  laws can be replaced by workings of  market
   1. affirmative action laws unnecessary
      a. prejudice imposes cost- creates competitive disadvantage
      b. economic pressure (voluntary action) works better
      c. boycotts, ex. DENNY's restaurants, "cruelty-free" products

   2. worker safety laws unnecessary
      a. inefficient and expensive to enforce
      b. workers have choice to leave
      c. high cost to losing good workers

   3. environmental regulation unnecessary
     a. community can boycott  businesses
     b. loss of value of property
     c. bad decision-makers will learn from consequences
        1. no "super-fund" clean-up
        2. polluters pay for damages

4. No concern with monopolies
   a. human innovation & organization can exploit weaknesses
   b. example: boycott of Sinclair advertisers

G. Ideal situation
   1. return to classical liberalism
      a. limited govt, maximum individual negative liberty

   2. Libertarian Party Platform      website

      a. no military draft (coercion)
      b. abolishment of IRS
          1. limited taxation  (Flat tax, if any)
          2. user fees instead
          3. offers choice to consumers
             a. national parks, hunting licenses, art museums
             b. public radio and TV
               1. better to finance through pledge drives
               2. keeps it responsive to consumer demands

H. legalization of marijuana and most other drugs
    1. enforcement has led to lessening of freedom
    2. 4th Amendment search and seizure laws expanded
    3. instead, focus on nurturing personal judgment - 'just say no"
 example of libertarian reasoning,  "drugged driving" laws

   4. some ppl will make bad choices, but not worth taking away from freedom of those who use good judgment

I. Devolution of power from national government
    1. national, too big and far away, unaccountable
    2. preference is for state, rather than national
    3. less powerful, less bureaucratic, more responsive
    4.  local control and personal control, ideal

J.only  legitimate function of government
    1. protect private property rights
    2. national security
    3. local security,too,  but not at expense of freedom of movement

K. First amendment rights are unlimited
    1. Freedom of speech, Press, Religion, Assembly
    2. Second Amendment--no gun control
 

   3. no govt. control of economy
     a. distorts the free market
      1. no farm subsidies
      2. no anti-trust legislation

   b. open competition between all
   c. no trade protectionism
       1. free markets globally
       2. pro-NAFTA, FTAA
       3. open immigration policy

  L. classical liberalism (modern form)
    1. same values given priority
      a. individual negative liberty highest priority
      b. equal opportunity to compete, unequal outcomes
      c. justice-is getting to keep what you produce
      d. community is private, voluntary matter

 2. differences from classical liberalism
 
   a. c.l.-assumption of abundance
     1. everyone can succeed
     2. American Dream idea
 
    b.libertarianism-- limits on resources
     1. give to those who are most capable of succeeding, not based upon human need
     2. recognition that not everyone will make it
 
  c. c.l.- optimistic view of human nature
     1. humans capable of reason, so allow freedom
 
  d. lib. humans are imperfect=only the best will use reason
     1. development of personal judgment key
     2. many will not do so
     3.  negative consequences may teach ppl

3 .Historical conservative influences
    a. theory of human nature (imperfect)
    b. natural aristocrats (entrepreneurs)
    c. too much focus on equality will suppress "excellent individual"; tyranny of mediocrity

Problems with libertarianism:

   a. What if there is no choice?
      Example:  can workers always leave bad situation for better one?
 
  b. how long before market costs kick in?
      Example: Hustler
  
  c. How can small operators compete with huge operators? Don't monopolies end competition?      
 
 d. What if what makes company competitive is bad for general public?       EXAMPLE: triple trailor truck-drivers  and industry after de-regulation
 
e. what about effects of bad decisions on others who are innocent? Shouldn't government step in to provide "community?"