Review Questions for rock cycle and sedimentary rocks

Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the rock cycle?
1. sedimentary
2. igneous
3. metamorphic
4. meteorites
5. all of the above are part of the rock cycle
Which of the following is NOT a typical environment in which a sedimentary rock forms?
1. beside glaciers
2. river channels
3. heating next to a magma
4. deep seafloor
5. shoreline of a lake
Which of the following is NOT an environment in which an igneous rock forms?
1. explosive eruption of volcanic ash
2. cooling and solidification of lava
3. solidification of magma at depth
4. intense squeezing from tectonic forces
5. all of the above are environments that form igneous rock
Which of the following is NOT a typical environment in which a metamorphic rock forms?
1. solidification of lava
2. heating adjacent to underground magma
3. squeezing by tectonic forces
4. burial to great depths
5. metamorphic rocks can form in all of these environments
Which of the following is true about rocks and minerals?
1. a rock can contain more than one mineral
2. a mineral is composed of chemical elements
3. both rocks and minerals must be naturally formed
4. all of the above
5. a and b only
Which one of the following rocks DOES NOT contain any mineral?
1. Quartz Sandstone
2. Coal
3. Granite
4. Rock salt
5. Peridotite
A sedimentary rock that consists of broken pieces of rocks and/or minerals bound by cement into a rigid framework is called:
1. crystalline
2. clastic
3. biochemical
4. organic
5. recycled
Which of the following is NOT involved in turning clastic sediments into sedimentary rock?
1. burial
2. compaction
3. cementation
4. metamorphism
5. all of the above are involved
sedimentary rocks precipitated from water are called:
1. Hydro
2. Clastic
3. Nonclastic
4. Aquatic
5. Bioclastic
Which one of the following rocks is deposited or precipitated as a result of the actions of organisms?
1. Biochemical
2. Pyroclastic
3. Hyaloclastic
4. Siliciclastic
5. Calciclastic
Which of the following is an organic rock formed from the compression and alteration of plant remains such as leaves, twigs, and tree trunks?
1. Sandstone
2. Conglomerate
3. Limestone
4. Coal
5. Rock salt
Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed:
1. By crystallization of molten rock
2. By cementing broken down pieces of preexisting rocks together
3. By altering preexisting rocks under heat and pressure
4. In the mantle when pressure is reduced
5. By melting preexisting rocks in the presence of water
Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified based on:
1. Color
2. Type of bedding
3. Mineral composition
4. Chemical composition
5. Size and shape of sediment grains
Which of the following characteristics are NOT used to classify and name clastic sediments?
1. the size of the clasts
2. the amount of sorting of clasts
3. the shape of the clasts
4. the climate in which the clasts are produced
5. all of the above are used
A clastic sedimentary rock layer located far away from the source area will contain __________.
1. Coarser and more angular grains
2. Finer and more angular grains
3. Finer and more rounded grains
4. Coarser and more rounded grains
5. Both rounded and angular grains
If a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains:
1. mostly sand
2. a great variety of rock types as clasts
3. some angular and some rounded clasts
4. some parts that are reddish and others that are not
5. a wide range in the size of clasts
Which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand?
1. a weak current
2. steep slopes
3. dunes formed by wind
4. all of the above
5. none of the above
Which of the following situations would most likely result in angular clasts?
1. transport of the clasts over long distance
2. working of clasts by waves on a beach
3. steep slopes in a mountain
4. dunes formed by wind
5. none of the above situations will form angular clasts
What typically happens to the size, shape, and sorting of clasts as they are transported from steep mountains toward more gentle settings?
1. the size of the clasts increases
2. the clasts become more rounded
3. the sediment becomes more poorly sorted
4. all of the above
5. none of the above
Which of the following is NOT a common type of cement in sedimentary rocks?
1. calcite
2. pyroxene
3. silica
4. iron-oxide minerals
5. all of the above
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel-sized grains?
1. Conglomerate
2. Breccia
3. Sandstone
4. Arkose
5. Cataclasite
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of angular gravel-sized grains?
1. Conglomerate
2. Breccia
3. Sandstone
4. Arkose
5. Cataclasite
Which one of the following rocks is NOT a clastic sedimentary rock?
1. Shale
2. Sandstone
3. Conglomerate
4. Chert
5. Breccia
Carbonate sedimentary rocks that contain the solid fragments of the tests, shells or bones of organisms are called:
1. hyaloclastic
2. calciclastic
3. bioclastic
4. siliciclastic
5. pyroclastic
An example of a type of limestone that precipitates from fresh water (as contrasted with precipitation from sea water) is:
1. Chert
2. Opal
3. Travertine
4. Tuff
5. Jasper
An example of a hard, compact, very fine-grained (can be chemical or biochemical) sedimentary rock composed entirely of silica is ____
1. Tuff
2. Chalk
3. Chert
4. Travertine
5. Claystone
Rock gypsum and rock salt are examples of sedimentary rocks called ___.
1. carbonates
2. silicates
3. phosphates
4. evaporites
5. clastics

Review Questions for rock cycle and sedimentary rocks

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